It’s all down to electrons
When you rub two different materials together, electrons are rubbed off one material and onto the other. These electrons are very tiny. Each electron carries a small electrical charge.
If you rub two pieces of the same material together, electrons don’t move.
The materials that you rub together must not only be different. At least one of them, and usually both of them, must be an electrical insulator.
The diagrams show what happens when you rub polythene with a cloth and when you rub acetate with a cloth.
Peeling two different materials apart has the same effect as rubbing them together. Electrons are transferred from one material to the other.
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